A Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Intraoperative Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations for Use of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and for the Use of Preoperative and Intraoperative Protocols for Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery.

i) Study design: Development of a clinical practice guideline following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process.
ii) Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring should be employed for high-risk patients
iii) Patients at “high risk” for intraoperative spinal cord injury (ISCI) are proactively identified and multi-disciplinary team discussions are had. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) should be implemented

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