Increased Radiation but No Benefits in Pedicle Screw Accuracy With Navigation versus a Freehand Technique in Scoliosis Surgery

i) Study design: Single-center retrospective cohort.
ii) There was no difference in pedicle screw placement accuracy between freehand and navigation system placement (96% vs. 96%, p=0.518)
iii) Patients undergoing navigated pedicle screw placement received a greater mean radiation dose than those whose screws were placed freehand (1071 ± 447 mGy-cm versus 391 ± 53 mGy-cm; mean difference, 680 mGy-cm; 95% confidence interval, 217-2053 mGy-cm; p < 0.001).

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